The 2018–2019 analysis in the white paper showed that:

• Average Medicare Parts A and B spending per beneficiary was lower among beneficiaries associated with independent physicians in 3 of the 5 markets
• The percentage of admissions that had a readmission differed between beneficiaries attributed to independent practices and hospital-owned physician practices
• The percentage of beneficiaries with a wellness visit in both 2018 and 2019 was higher among beneficiaries attributed to independent physicians
• The average number of evaluation and management visits to primary care providers was higher among beneficiaries attributed to independent physicians in all markets